The relative influence of spectral cues on elevation localization of virtual sources was investigated by comparing judgments of loudspeaker reproduced stimuli spatialized with three methods, two of them based on vector-based amplitude panning: 3D vector-based amplitude panning (3D-VBAP), and 2D-VBAP in conjunction with HRIR convolution; and a third method that filtered the stimuli to simulate spectral peaks and troughs naturally occurring at different angles (equalizing filters). For the last two methods a single horizontal loudspeaker array was used. Smallest absolute errors were observed for the 3D-VBAP judgments regardless of azimuth; no significant difference in the mean absolute error was found between the other two methods. However, for most presentation azimuths, the equalizing filter method yielded the least dispersed results. These results could be used for improving elevation localization in two-dimensional VBAP reproduction systems.
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