As a result of new technology advances consumers primarily interact with recorded music on-the-go through headphones. Yet, music is primarily mixed using stereo loudspeaker systems consisting of crosstalk signals, which are absent in headphone reproduction. Consequently, the audio engineer's intended sound image collapses with headphones. To solve this, the work presented in this paper examines existing 3D audio techniques—primarily Binaural Audio and Ambiophonics—and enhances them to develop a novel and improved mixing technique, the Duplex Panner, for headphone-reproduced commercial music. Through subjective experiments designed for two groups, the Duplex Panner is compared to conventional Stereo panning to determine what the advantages are, if any.
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