The typical standardized free or diffuse field reference or target earphone responses in general represent boundary conditions rather than a realistic listening situation. Therefore a model using classical room acoustics is introduced to derive a more realistic target earphone response in a direct plus diffuse sound field. The insertion gain concept as applied to earphone response measurements using an ear simulator equipped test manikin is detailed in order to appropriately apply the model output to a typical earphone design. Data for multiple sound sources, multiple rooms, and variants of the direct 0° on-axis free field response are shown. Limits of the method are discussed and the results are compared to the well-known free and diffuse field responses.
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