The future delivery of sound must create or render a realistic sound event image. A model for 3D sound capture and render format has been proposed earlier, based on Depth Perception. This paper considers the requirements for optimised low frequency reproduction and non-bass masking effects related to this model. Theoretical modeling, practical verification in real listening environments and subjective assessment with skilled and unskilled listeners is presented and conclusions drawn. It is shown that room mode influence, low frequency spatial energy distribution and main system integration for low frequency reproduction in rooms can be effectively managed. New apparatus is described that enables the loudspeaker to be placed optimally with respect to the listener so as to minimise room mode colouration of low frequencies. Its use to quantify frequency dependent loss is defined. Nonbass spatial masking effects are also reported in the context of the Depth Perception model.
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