Two-dimensional loudspeaker arrays, equipped with three-dimensional beamforming capabilities and supported by optimisation algorithms, have ushered in a new era of precision in tailoring sound fields within the spaces they inhabit. This paper explores the deployment of two-dimensional loudspeaker arrays in worship houses, using a real-world case study of a grand mosque. The objective was to achieve optimal sound clarity and speech intelligibility while preserving the mosque's architectural integrity. The study found that this technology, with its horizontal and vertical control capabilities, provides a solution that minimises disruptive alterations to the interior design while improving the sound system's performance efficiency. The deployment of two-dimensional loudspeaker arrays in the grand mosque, spanning 10,000 square meters, addresses the acoustical challenge posed by its pronounced reverberation characteristics. The outcome of extensive examination and simulation modelling was corroborated by closely aligned objective measurement results and perceptual listening experiences in the field. Leveraging 3D beamforming, the system creates ‘sound corridors’ spanning up to 100 meters with low energy dispersion, owing to its horizontal and vertical control capabilities. Optimization algorithms delineate room boundaries and coverage areas of neighbouring arrays as avoidance zones, effectively establishing ‘virtual barriers.’ This unconventional approach minimises interference between arrays, increases the direct-to-reverberant ratio, and improves speech intelligibility. It also eliminated the need for extensive acoustic treatment on the marble-clad walls and huge pillars, preserving the design theme of the interior. The introduction of two-dimensional arrays sets a new benchmark for sound systems in places of worship and similar venues, offering different concepts and distinguishing them from conventional audio technologies.
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